Anyone who has observed a significant number of piles has seen that, inevitably, the pile is not perfectly straight after driving. In spite of the best efforts of contractors, there are a whole host of reasons for piles to end up out-of-plumb or to have a curve, sometimes referred to as pile sweep. For two, recent projects with numerous swept pile, the available research was determined to be limited in application given the investigated pile sizes, lengths and measured sweep. As a result, the project team chose to perform static load testing to evaluate the ultimate resistance of the swept...
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